Non-Violence as the Bigger Statement Essay

In the documentary _Eyes on the Prize_, John Lewis- an attendee of the 1960 Nashville Lunch Counter Sit-In, regales the use of nonviolence in their fight for racial equality, saying â€Å"We took our seats in a very orderly, peaceful fashion†¦We just sit there, and we continue to sit all day long†¦ But for me, I’ll tell you; it was like being involved in a holy crusade. It became a badge of honor† (PBS). The Civil Rights Movement, which began in 1954, was so deeply impactful largely in part to the unusual nature of its participant’s actions against their opposition. Scarce physical tactics or retaliation was threatened against the white opposition on the black insurgent’s behalf in order to achieve what they sought. Instead, the African Americans took a stance of nonviolence as their weapon of choice, hoping to reach a middle ground of peace between all of the nation’s races. Some of the historical and structural causes at the core of this stance were the guidance of Martin Luther King Jr., the organized fight to dismantle long-standing norms of racial segregation within the white communities, and the effort to raise awareness to a blind political system. In introducing the concept of social insurgency, Doug McAdam says, â€Å"At the close of 1876-1930 period, the southern black population was only just beginning to develop the institutional strength so vital to the generation of social insurgency† (McAdam 94). Historically, black Southern Americans had experienced little to no sense of togetherness as a community; it would take someone or something with enough passion and commitment to bring them together. Obtaining a leader to push such idealistic views for the African American race is practically a requirement to incite immense social change. An organizer is the heart of the movement, because they diffuse centralized direction and coordination (McAdam 47). Having Martin Luther King Jr. as a guiding force behind the Civil Rights Movement was, arguably, the biggest motivation for non-violence as a directive in community institutions during this period. In his _Letter from Birmingham Jail_, often called the Call for Unity, Dr. King says, â€Å"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic  steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action† (Letter 2). Martin, born and raised in the church, came from humble beginnings; his father, a pastor, sermonized many ideals of a future of peace and the effectiveness of words over physicality. Dr. King went on to preach the ideals of a future based on equality, regardless of skin color or nationality, to his followers. His goals primarily focused on the rise of the nation as a whole- as one- rather than just the rise of the African American race. In his _Chicago Freedom Movement Rally Speech_, he stated, â€Å"The Negro needs the white man to free him from his fears. The white man needs the negro to free him from his guilt† (King). Dr. King was aware that for there to be peace and success for our country, we would have to learn to coexist as one community, instead of having one dominant race in any aspect. In another excerpt from the Chicago rally, he summarizes his intent with nonviolence, saying, â€Å"Nonviolence does not mean doing nothing. It does not mean passively accepting evil. It means standing up so strongly with your body and soul that you cannot stoop to the low places of violence and hatred. I am still convinced that nonviolence is a powerful and just weapon, it cuts without wounding† (King). In result, his practices flourished, inspiring others to come together and follow in his footsteps. Historically, it also aided that typically only violence had been used to fight battles and/or change things in the past, which had only gotten them to the point they found themselves at then. The typical day-to-day life of White Southerners consisted of structural norms within the economy, the government, and social customs. Breaking down the barriers of such an established arrangement would never be an easy feat. Blacks in the South knew this and therefore banned together, creating solid organizations such as CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), and the SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee). These organizations were so vital to the cause and effect of the nonviolence movement, as â€Å"A conductive political environment only affords the aggrieved population the opportunity for successful insurgent action. It is the resources of the minority community that enable insurgent groups to exploit these opportunities† (McAdam 43). As could be expected, white oppositionists reacted extremely violently to the changes  that were being force-fed to them through the motions of the Civil Rights Movement. The way of life that they’d known for so long was being threatened and as human nature would have it, we are programmed much of the time to fear what we do not know. African American advocates in the South were brutally beaten, humiliated, and killed as a retaliation tactic. Thus, such actions sparked black insurgence to essentially stray away from â€Å"feeding the fire†, and instead choose to demonstrate the direction of race relations that they strived for. In order to achieve results, they had to ban together to strengthen their ideals within the community, thus creating strong indigenous organizations as a backbone for their fight. McAdams states, â€Å"†¦the same dynamic is evident in regard to the relationship between organizational strength and insurgency, with the pace, character, and outcome of collective protest shaping the availability of those organizational resources on which further movement activity depends† (McAdam 53). Thus, as the black insurgent groups gained the social stability, they were able to engrain their nonviolent tactics within a larger audience as they gained support. It was such growth of backing that allowed them to create cracks in the barriers that upheld the white Southerners’ traditions. It was also such groups that were the pillar to sustain an ongoing protest. The Political Process Model that McAdam lays out considers that â€Å"a structure cannot function without the routinized exercise of structural power, and any threat to structural power becomes a threat to that system itself. Thus†¦any system contains within itself the possibility of a power strong enough to alter it† (McAdam 37). Politically, much opportunity was to be gained for black insurgents through the use of non-violent action. W.E.B. DuBois issued an example of such a possible process of advancement, saying â€Å"We need sufficient income for health and home; to supplement our education and recreation; to fight our own crime problem; and above all to finance a continued, planned and intelligent agitation for political, civil, and social equality† (B., DuBois 197). Since the black population felt so absolutely undermined as a race by the government, it would do them no good to repeat the same actions as those before them when trying to change the way things worked. McAdam discourses that â€Å"the point is that any event or broad social process that serves to undermine the calculations and  assumptions on which the political establishment is structured occasions a shift in political opportunities† (McAdam 41). In other words, if someone is questioning the way the government works in the first place, already a shift has been sparked in the standards, just by drawing attention to it. To some degree, all changes involving social movement for the nation are going to imply some level of struggle to change and/or pull for institutionalized power (McAdam 36). Using this explanation in the cause of the non-violent tactics, once the aggrieved population shed light on the issues of political alignment through a peaceful approach, the movement only continued to gain attention and leverage over political opponents. McAdam sums it up when he synopsizes, â€Å"the contention is that, far from remaining constant, the organizational resources available to southern blacks increased simultaneously with the expansion in political opportunities† (McAdam 87). Like most ideals in life, the concept of nonviolence as a promising tactic for change started with one individual. Martin Luther King Jr. not only believed in what he preached, but practiced it in his own life. Through his consistent stand-by of nonviolence, the subsequent growth in support through organizational groups, and said group’s ability to power through the withstanding customs of white folk, nonviolence flourished. In his closing statements, McAdam reminds, â€Å"it must be remembered that the movement was able, in a matter of years, to dismantle a thoroughgoing system of caste restrictions that had remained impervious to change for some seventy-five years†¦These gains are hardly insignificant† (McAdam 232). Therefore, though near the end black insurgency took a turn for the worse, the influence that nonviolence caused on the nation absolutely left a lasting imprint on history. Work Cited B., Du Bois W. E. Dusk of Dawn. Millwood, NY: Kraus-Thomson Organization, 1975. Print. King, Martin Luther, Jr. â€Å"Chicago Freedom Movement Rally Speech.† Courtesy of the King Center. Atlanta, Georgia. African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp. September 24, 2014. King, Martin Luther. _Letter from Birmingham Jail_. Stamford, CT: Overbrook, 1968. Web. 24 Sept. 2014. McAdam, Doug. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1982. Print. PBS, prod. â€Å"Ain’t Scared of Your Jails.† _Eyes on the Prize_. PBS. N.d. _PBS_. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.

Age of Enlightenment and Course Materials

Candide worksheetName: Huy Dang Khac The purpose of this assignment is to help you develop the critical thinking skills necessary to write a basic, college-level analytical essay. You may type directly into this file and then upload when finished. Remember that you need to connect what you read in the book to what you are learning from other course materials to complete you answers. Step I: Basic, factual analysis of a reading 1. List three examples of events/methods from Voltaire’s Candide which you believe best illustrate the issues related to the Scientific Revolution and to the Enlightenment. . The reaction of the Portuguese Inquisitor about the earthquake. b. The lifestyle of people in El Dorado. c. The despair of Paquette and the monk Brother Giroflee 2. Now for each point above, explain why this example illustrates these issues. a. Tsunami and earthquake’s acknowledgement are proof of developing science. The reaction of the Inquisitor for trying to kill Candide a nd Pangloss because of the earthquake is a typical example of the abuse of the church on people.It’s used to prove that what the church said is wrongful and people foolishly believe in what they are told. b. El Dorado is essentially the utopia of nobles, people living during the Enlightenment era. Street are covered with precious stones No Priests All of the king’s jokes are funny. Nobody care about gold or fighting over gold in the kingdom. King is kind and helpful. c. It’s the freedom of expression about their philosophies in life. They are noticing the ugly truth of their life as a sexual object and obeying religion against the will of person. . Finally, place each point above into the historical context (this means to make direct connections of this point to other specific information you have learned about the era from the other course materials) a. The Lisbon earthquake in Nov 1, 1755. b. French revolution in 18th century. c. The Seven Years War. 4. Compar e Candide to the Appendix from Theodicity by Wilhelm Gottfried Leibnitz (found in the course materials under Assignments and Quizzes / Candide Assignment). List one example where the two sources agree. God did not choose the best course. . List one example where the two sources differ from each other. Every event is predetermined. 6. What do you think it means if the materials agree? It’s consistent among authors about the philosophy of religion belief/ life. Therefore, it’s a creditable source of outcome for further studies. When a material is proven to be true in two or more sources, its defense is stronger to believe in. It’s easier for readers, scholars to utilize in debating an issue. It opens way for discussion of an idea from multi perspectives. 7.What should you do with information that differs? First, I don’t pick which side I’ll support and which I’ll not. Search for facts (if possible), logical reasoning. Evaluating idea from my o wn experiences. Asking other people about their thought on both sides, then I compare and contrast both idea against each other’s. The result could end up be one side over another or a combination of both. PART II: How to use a period piece of literature (here answer the questions using your common sense and critical thinking skills) 1.List two reasons why students should be cautious in using a piece of literature in historical analysis. a. Piece of literature consists of belief and opinions, which are strongly opposed to historical analysis requiring good use of data, event. b. Piece of literature is written in a mocking way of the real society. Students should pay attention to the reliability of author of such piece to avoid bias in historical analysis. 2. Give an example from Voltaire’s book for each of the reasons raised a bove. a.Candide and Pangloss’s optimism – which are reflecting the belief of Voltaire They are opinion not facts. There are uncert ainties about the truth of the society behind this thought. b. Voltaire’s idea of El Dorado: Once again, this is the utopia of Voltaire, which may or may not be the haven of other people. Believing in such event is over generalizing the thought of people in the society. 3. List two reasons why students should use a period piece of literature. a. It gives the idea, thought of people who are living in the society at that time.It’s more relevant than assuming the life condition base on dry facts. b. It’s useful when students want to do a compare and contrast to the theory they are studying. It gives students various perspectives to view an issue. 4. Now give an example from Voltaire’s book for each of the reasons raised above. a. The tsunami, earthquake in Lisbon and the reaction of the Inquisitor. b. Life of labor in the society during the whole stories. PART III: Sketching out an Essay In this section of the worksheet, you will see how all the course mater ials start to come together.If you were writing an essay, you would want to draw your conclusions and make your inferences using a wide variety of examples to make your points and provide supporting evidence (which would likely lead to an â€Å"A† paper). Keep this in mind as you answer the rest of the questions here. Now, suppose I were to assign the following essay topic (DO NOT WRITE AN ESSAY): In the period between the middle of the seventeenth century and the French Revolution Europe underwent a period of transformation in terms of scientific and social thought with had far-reaching implications in legal issues as well.Examine the impact of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment on European politics, law, and society. What examples would you use from Candide book (taking into consideration the concepts we have just worked with in Parts I and II) to back up/illustrate your analysis of each of the following points (give one example per each). Once again, you need to consider ALL that you have learned from the course materials, not just from reading this book. 1. One key impact of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment on European society: 2.One key impact of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment on European politics: 3. One key impact of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment on European law: Now broaden out your analysis to use other documents/textbook/readings or other non-textbook materials/lectures. Give two examples for each of the three categories above: 1. Scientific Revolution like Copernicus’s theories about the earth and sun, which the earth is not the center of our solar system.This went against the way that churches were teaching (Before, Plato believed that Earth was the center of the universe). Also, Galileo Galilei with the discovery of telescope and the law of the pendulum, both prove that Aristole was wrong. Both of them prove that Church could be wrong in science by their scientific method and reason. In the end, people began to ask themselves that what if they can understand other things in life by using scientific method and reason. Started back in 1500s, people went on to use reason, experiment, and observations to develop and progress. . John Locke was a philosopher. He believed that people were able to govern themselves; therefore he did not like the absolute monarch. He wanted more power for ordinary people (because everybody is born free and were right to life, liberty, and property. Later, his book had a big effect on what we think about politics and government today. Voltaire was one of the most important philosophers of the Enlightenment. He spent much of his life to criticize the church for freedom of religion and speech.In Voltaire’s idea, the best ruler would be an enlightened monarch, who studied the science of government and protected the basic rights of the people. The philosophes were concerned about social and religious issues. They encourage d education as the way to end ignorance, and superstition. 3. Deism was the idea that universe was created by a higher being (God). According to deist, there are no supernatural acts, such as miracles, manifestation, messages; they considered it as religious superstition.The Spirit of the Laws by Montesquieu, who argued that power of the king, came from people, not from God or Divine Right. In conclusion, the Enlightenment changed the way that people thought about science, religion, politics, and laws. We can still see those effects in our lives today. Now, if you were really writing an essay, you would have organized all of your strong examples to use in supporting your â€Å"big picture† analysis that comes from the text and lecture materials. You are ready to write a well-organized, critical thinking analytical essay on the above topic (DO NOT DO THIS).

A Comparison of Student Achievement in Literacy for Students of Low Research Paper

A Comparison of Student Achievement in Literacy for Students of Low Socio-Economic Status and their Participation in a Pre-Kindergarten Program - Research Paper Example Regardless of this, it remains an undeniable fact that there are key factors that are triggered by the socio-economic background of students that hinder them from having successful pre-kindergarten education. Some of these factors include the ability of such students to afford or own supplementary learning materials that are supplied by the school. This research work is therefore committed to comparing the achievement of students in literacy for students of low socio-economic status and their participation in pre-kindergarten programs. Research Problem Though the low socio-economic status of parents of children greatly affect the children’s educational achievement, there still remain a sample of these children from low socio-economic background whose cases have not been given critical attention and these are children from low socio-economic background who do not receive pre-kindergarten education at all. This means that there are generally two groups of children from low socio -economic background, who are those who attend pre-kindergarten and those who do not attend. Among these two, there is a great gap in terms of academic achievement especially when they begin mainstream education. This is because those who attend no pre-kindergarten tend to lack a whole year’s curriculum provisions. ... First, there is the research on the spiral nature of the educational curriculum (Seefeldt, 1993). This particular research sought to examine the relation between lessons studied at the pre-kindergarten stage and the lessons studies in mainstream education starting from the kindergarten stage. The research proved that the pre-kindergarten education is actually a direct continuation of the pre-kindergarten education. The only changes are that as a spiral keeps acquiring a larger bottom as it goes up, so do the lessons taught at the kindergarten level become complicated to those studied at the pre-kindergarten stage. What this means is that studies from low socio-economic backgrounds that stay out of pre-kindergarten education would have great difficulty coping with the advanced learning done in mainstream education. Another research is the one on the natural maturity of the human brain. According to this research, factors that affect the natural maturity of the brain include factors th at allows for personal well-being and satisfaction (Webb, 2003). What this means is that as children continue to be deprived of basic social provisions because of their socio-economic background, their natural rate of mental development becomes affected and this hinders successful learning in mainstream education. Deficiencies in the evidence One area of major deficiency in the evidence presented in the literature or research above has to do with the absence of a study that sought to examine whether at the early stages of their lives, children had any psychological effects of their socio-economic backgrounds. This awareness would have made the literature more complete in the sense that it would

Ethical Issues in Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Issues in Media - Research Paper Example So, in case it features some corruption in terms of Ethics, the impact that it has on the social environment will be quite destructive. In addition to that, media platforms are known to form public opinion; therefore, if they convey information that is not correct, a part of the society will develop a wrong perception of reality. This paper will analyze an example that appeared in the media and violated ethics of journalism, proving that this is not acceptable for a reliable source of news and have negative influence on the society in general. Thus, when NBC which is a well known network was covering the shooting of Trayvon Martin, it featured audio recording that portray the alleged killer in a biased way. For example, George Zimmerman is showing saying: This guy looks like he’s up to no good. He looks black.† (â€Å"Trayvon Martin case†). However, this is not exactly what Zimmerman said. He did say that the person who he was watching was up to no good, but the phrase â€Å"he looks black† was a reply to the question: â€Å"OK, and this guy — is he black, white or Hispanic?† (Wemple, 2012). So, in the first situation, people might think that Zimmerman was a racial profiler since he connected ethnicity of the boy and his activity; however, the objective picture shows that he simply answered the question that he was asked (Ross, 2014, 64). Therefore, one would make no mistake pointing out that NBC presented an incorrect depiction of Zimmerman, trying to make him appear a worse perso n than he actually was. The First Amendment should be engaged in the discussion of this situation. According to it, the law prohibits any infringing on the freedom of the press; however, the latter is required to convey objective data. In case it fails to do so, the law should punish it (Anastaplo, 2007, 222). If one takes a look at the ethical issue in question, one will be able to see that it compromises justice to a

Modernity and Modernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modernity and Modernism - Essay Example The essay "Modernity and Modernism" analyzes the impact of modernism and modernity in the context of the history and culture. In the following parts of this paper, first history of modernism has been included in which a limited introduction of modernism from World War II and evolutionary changes in the architecture, craft, art and design have been provided. It is followed by the segment Le Corbusier’s monuments in Chandigarh in which they have been analysed in the light of the relevant theories. Before the conclusion, the idealist modernism part has been provided. Modernism is both evolutionary and revolutionary process. It does not remain the same but kept changing with the changes social, cultural, economic, personal, and other dimensions of today’s modern society. After the world war one, social, cultural and economic change was felt in which culture; art, design and architecture were mainly affected by the appetite for the change played the main role in this endeavo ur. However, it gained particular momentum particularly after the world war two in which more revolutionary thinking for economy; political activism affected the modernism in which a substantial amount of cultural change was experienced. Two world wars severely affected the modernism and developments taking place in the field of art, design, architecture and craft. In the World War II, millions of people died in which people from involved states as a whole lost sight on the sustained growth and stability of economic and cultural factors.

Post-Partum Depression in Latin American Women in the South Bronx Research Paper

Post-Partum Depression in Latin American Women in the South Bronx (Ages 20-25) - Research Paper Example South Bronx is an area well known in United States that was heavily crashed by the Second World War. The war affected all sectors of life, economic, social, political, and cultural and employment. Due to the impact of the war, people in this area live in great poverty and under poor conditions (Sierra, 2008). Q. 2. Since many centuries back, there was a relationship between depression and childbirth. Nowadays, researches have been done and clear evidence that many depression and other mental conditions are as a result of pregnancy. This is in accordance with Latin American Researchers who found out that mood turmoil in women especially depression are related to pregnancy. South Bronx is the poorest district in the United States. Additionally, it is the district that reports many cases of women ailing postpartum depression. Of the total population, 256,544 which represent 38% live below the poverty line. This is in accordance with a report issued by US census Bureau (Sierra, 2008). Re ports show that approximately 61% of women experience anxiety after birth and later reduces during the fifth week after childbirth. An average of 13% of women experience PPD which may last for months after delivery Chances of a woman experiencing PPD vary depending with age, background, level of education, history of depression among others. ... Many people living in South America are Latin and black Americans. Majority of Latinos’ and black Americans live in South Bronx, a district known to be lived by people with no prospect of employment (Sierra, 2008). A large population of people has low income while the rest are unemployed. In 2005, 205,000 middle age women were treated with PPD in the United States. The cause of the high rise of postpartum depression in this area in young women is due to lack of financial support, unexpected pregnancies and abandonment (Sierra, 2008). Many young women in south Bronx engage in illegal activities like prostitution, drug trafficking, alcoholism and robbery to earn a living. These are some of the risk factors causing depression which is the cause of PPD. Additionally, poor health conditions is another factor leading to postpartum depression in Latin Americans living in south Bronx. Due to poverty, many women do not receive health assistance during pregnancy and after birth. For tho se who seek medical assistance, chances are that they receive low quality services due to lack of enough finances. It is normal that during the first few weeks many women experience moody feelings, lose appetite, hopelessness, difficulty in sleeping due to hormonal changes during pregnancy and after birth (Rosenfield, 2006). These feelings are called baby blues which are normal feeling to almost 80% of new mothers. In some cases, these feelings can be persistence leading to serious mental disorders like postpartum depression (PPD) or postpartum psychosis. This condition may affect women in their early years (20-30) of reproduction than during the late years. The main reason is unwanted pregnancies, poverty, abortion, complications during

Leadership in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership in Nursing - Essay Example Hence the nursing needs for the elderly have become an issue of growing concern in Hong Kong. Traditionally, the care of the sick is considered to be the moral duty of their family members among the Chinese. Hence, being cared for by nurses, who are strangers, "places the Chinese people in somewhat of a paradoxical situation" (Pang et al., cited in Smith & Tang 2004, p.18). Therefore, the success of nursing care depends also on the nurse's ability to act as a surrogate family member. With increasing health issues of the elderly and their near-total dependence on healthcare facilities, private nursing homes are increasing in demand for the confinement of the elderly with deteriorating health issues like cerebrovascular accidents, fractures such as hip fractures, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive airways disease, dementia, parkinsonism, etc. The government has funded three forms of residential care, with the aged homes providing assistance with activities of daily living, C&A homes providing personal attention and some nursing care, and infirmaries providing more intensive nursing care with medical supervision (Bartlett & Phillips 1995, p.238). Though several measures have been undertaken to increase the number of residential care homes, the availability of such care homes unfortunately still fall short of demand. This places increasing responsibility on the available nursing care personnel. According to a study done by Leung et al... Though several measures have been undertaken to increase the number of residential care homes, the availability of such care homes unfortunately still fall short of demand. This places increasing responsibility on the available nursing care personnel. According to a study done by Leung et al. (2000, p.65) from a random sample of private nursing homes in Hong Kong East region, increasing number of bedridden or chairbound patients, increasing dependency for basic activities of daily living, increasing problems of incontinence of bowel and/or bladder, increasing use of supporting devices, aggravating problems of bedsore, etc. lead to more hospitalizations and specialist out-patient clinic visits. Unfortunately the incidences of re-hospitalizations of these patients with recurrences of the same disease conditions have been gaining in frequency recently. "Frail elderly patients are shuffled back and forth between acute care, non-acute care, old age homes and the community" (Derrick 1998, p.1). This situation calls for a highly efficient and totally effective nursing care system. This report studies the scenario in a private nursing home in Hong Kong. The scenario is analysed for the effectiveness of the nursing care rendered by the present nursing team, its leadership style, and its advantages and disadvantages. Also studied are the different leadership styles and concepts that are applicable to this context. New strategies for improving the situation are developed, and appropriate leadership skills are recommended that suit these strategies. 2. Context I work as intern in a nursing team handling 100 inhabitants of a private nursing home in Hong Kong. The average age of the group is

Stating And Justifying A Position Statement Research Paper

Stating And Justifying A Position Statement - Research Paper Example The research paper "Stating And Justifying A Position Statement" analyzes several statements by presenting the reasons for holding the position regarding them. "It’s human nature to be greedy". Everyone has an aspect of greed in their personality which can be either for money, things, fame or people but it has to be kept under control so that it does not dominate one’s character. As the competition among people intensifies regarding wealth and materialistic things, greed will become an important part of human nature. "Capital punishment is a deterrent to crime." The author disagrees with the statement because although many countries claim that capital punishment deters the number of crimes but the statistics show that the criminals are encouraged to carry out their activities. It has been found that the capital punishment is not given on the basis of actual crime committed and it is considered to be unfair and unjust by the citizens. "Everyone has a value system of some kind" The author agrees with the statement because each human being is nurtured within a set of beliefs and values which shape the individual’s personality and more importantly the perception of the world. During the interaction with others in the surroundings, people carry their values with them and this becomes one of their vital aspects of life. "We know ourselves better than others know us" There are many unobservable traits of the personality which are evident to ourselves and that is why we know ourselves better than others do.

Is War Ever Justified Essay Example for Free

Is War Ever Justified Essay War, although being described by those who have survived it as hell, is in my opinion a necessary part of life in some sense in order to expand in many ways like socially, economically, and politically. In terms of social changes brought on by war, war often teaches us lessons about how to better our behaviour and attitudes in terms of our association both domestically and foreign. In World War 2 (1939 1945), America and Germany’s interaction and hostilities soon diminished after the end of conflict suggesting that they had learned to get along (or at the very least solve their issues in a more diplomatic way. ). Learning from our mistakes is essential for growing as a race in general. Had it not been for World War 2 the UN (United Nations) would have most likely not been formed and therefore our world would not feel the sense of unity that is present today. In terms of economic changes brought on by conflict or changes, had it not been for wars we would not gain items of value for the use of economic resources. Had the USA not gone over and improvised in Afghanistan they would have most likely lost what is estimated to have been one trillion dollars worth of oil. For this reason the Afghan War (2001 Present) has been referred to as the â€Å"resource war†. In terms of political change brought on by conflict or war, we as a society have learned many lessons of the importance of a strong political power which could in fact reduce the need for conflict or war. Had it not have been for the Vietnamese War (1959 1975), we would not have been shown the importance of international involvement from a single nation in order to assist a less fortunate nation. War has always, in the end, increased all nations sense of unity in some way. Had it not been for the Vietnamese War, America would still be in some state of singularity and arrogance. The loss in Vietnam for the Americans proved that even they the very powerful can be defeated; if they were not given assistance the losses could have been far greater. War may be brutal but there are many positives that can be taken away from it. War, though an expression of our inability to coordinate and understand one another is also a great teacher for the world at what is right and what is wrong. The atrocities and crimes committed during wartime, though terrible and evil as they appear are usually necessary and in the long run will eventually prove to be better for society. During World War 2 had the Allies not declared war against the Axis it is unthinkable as to what could have happened to our world. The Allies chose to stand up to what atrocities were committed by Hitler and stop his evil from spreading. World War 2 is also an exceptional example of what happens when good men fail to act and allow the actions of evil men to spread. Hitler rose to power and began breaching the Treaty of Versailles and built an army despite the Treaties clear clause in which it states that Germany is banned from ever creating an army to avoid the repetition of World War 1 (1914 1918). Had a militant force not attempted to stop Hitler and his Axis powers it is unthinkable as to what the outcome of Hitler’s plan could have been. World War 2 was completely justifiable in that the evil committed during this war far outweigh the possible evil that could have occurred had a war not occurred. Had a militant force not intervened and caused a war it is quite probable that Hitler would have just kept exterminating the Jewish population and that the world would have just continued to watch. During World War 2 we learned the importance of standing up against the tyrannical and not being afraid to stand up for what we as a civilisation believe to be acceptable behaviour. The conflicts during World War 2 could very well have been avoided had good men acted against Hitler’s breach of the Treaty of Versailles and had the courage to stop him before, as we can now see, his plan could have been put into motion. We can simply justify World War 2 in that had The Allies failed to intervene the Nazis would simply continue to exterminate the Jewish population and many attempts to reach Hitler on a political level had been attempted and failed. War, although being a major drain on our economy, is also a great representation of our ability to learn and adapt to what is occurring throughout our time. Had we not spent so much money on war machines during wartimes, we would not have defences in place today that protect our nations against attacks from other possible threats. It is also important to recognize that had wars not occurred it is quite possible that our economies would in-fact be damaged by this. for example a large portion of the economy revolves around oil and it is estimated that had America neglected to act in Afghanistan and stop the Taliban from burning their oil supply as an act of aggression and arrogance against the USA, it is possible that approximately one trillion dollars worth of oil would have been wasted. Had the USA not stepped in and intervened in this conflict, America’s already struggling economy would have been severely damaged and it is possible that this massive loss of oil would have quite possibly caused another depression in America. Had America not invested so much money into the conflict in Afghanistan there economy would have been severely damaged by this. The war in Afghanistan can be justified in that it was not originally intended for the sole purpose of protecting a means of economic revenue but was originally intended for the purpose of retrieving Osama Bin Laden and to punish him for his atrocities committed. It was only after this fact that Osama’s militia began to burn up the oil fields that American geologist discovered that Afghanistan was actually sitting over one of the worlds largest oil deposits. Many people who are against the war in Afghanistan claim that this conflict comments on Americas greed for Afghanistans oil deposits but it was intended originally to have been a mission to capture a known terrorist and to protect the people of Afghanistan. War is often a result of the lack of political effectiveness to eliminate issues and this causes violence. War can be justified in that many people are so close minded in that they would rather resort to violence and not accept a diplomatic solution to their issues that they have. The Vietnamese War is a result of America and her one-time ally the Soviet Union’s inability to discuss and resolve their issues without resorting to War and conflict. The collective inability of the Soviet Union and the Vietnamese Government to accept Americas attempts at peace resulted in this conflict and therefore this conflict was justified. The Vietnamese War was somewhat unavoidable in that many attempts by America were made to achieve peace with Vietnam. After the Vietnamese War was eventually lost by the American Military, it was determined that the original intention of the Vietnam War was to preserve the Vietnamese people’s right to self determination and freedom from oppression by the government. The war is justifiable in that America was merely attempting at preserving a god given constitutional right in that we as a people deserve the right to choose our actions without input from and political force. The Vietnamese War had the best intentions to preserve our rights but was perhaps ill prepared on part of the American Military. Sometimes in order to do whats right we have to put aside the safety of others and make the difficult decisions that need to be made. Each and every war or conflict throughout history has been caused by circumstances that require action. Had action been neglected during any of the wars listed within this paper the results of these wars would have been far worse and many more would have died. All of the wars listed within this paper were unavoidable and justified in the fact that they all had the best of intentions in mind and that they were all attempted to be solved through non violent means. If a conflict is attempted to be resolved without violence or conflict then the act of war is justified.

Effects of Culture Shock on Communication

Effects of Culture Shock on Communication Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Summary and critical evaluation Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education An Integrated Process Model of Stereotype Threat Effects on Performance Scientific Model of Culture Shock and Intercultural Communication References Introduction For the purpose of the study, three peer-reviewed editorials have been considered from applicable scholastic journals written in the precedent five years. The content summarizes the each of the articles along with the critical impending based on the past experiences and educational training. Summary and critical evaluation Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education The editorials indicate the solitary disputes linked among conditional disgrace and the reserves desirable for performance for various diverse chores. If physiological pressure does not lessen operational remembrance instantly, at that time the augmented worry to individuals performance, or repressing unenthusiastic sensations. The predicament envisaged by individuals who are in a social context dishonored is principally insidious for the reason that it is probable to be envisaged by lots of others at some point too (Zhou, Jindal-Snape, Topping, Todman, 2008). A learner at diverse universities discovers the culture dissimilar from their personal, and should struggle with novel communal and manners, in addition to tackling with the troubles of alteration is widespread to learners. This is confused adequate if the learner is conscious of the distinctions sound in proceed, but smooth additional hard to those who are uninformed and presumes that the innovative culture functions as their domicile nation. The combined consequence of such unusual situations on enlightening explorers is normally expressed as ‘civilization shock’. There are further than a million learners and researchers learning in establishments of superior tutoring overseas (Amodio, Kubota, Harmon-Jones and Devine, 2006). The superiority of the, social learning and emotional skills of this collection is the majority significant, at any rate in encouraging international inter-enlightening thoughtful. There are lots of journalism has been anxious with learners’ adjustment dilemmas. Scholar so visitors are the best-investigated cluster of traverse-culture. Diverse studies have discovered communal and alliance arrangements, family members, communal expertise and cluster awareness’s. This piece of writing assesses the development of theories. The edition of learners in senior education is a distribution of the ‘civilization shock’ carried out by an extensive choice of civilizing explorer. Premature forms of ‘civilization shock’ were founded on medical viewpoints and paid attention on psychological wellbeing, including both pre-organizing issues and consequence of resettlement. The later forms were founded on broader enlightening, communal, and emotional theories which observed the explorer as an energetic mediator regardless of sufferer of pathology. Essential variables and interactive developments within ‘civilization learning’ social classification ‘and ‘anxiety and coping’’ features were distinguished from countless research studies. These dealt with the conducts and cognitive (facets of adjustment). They proposed a supplementary multifaceted but additional fit and influential sculpt, and propose d diverse accomplishment that was distributable on a large extent. Intercessions grown via this model were seen as being valuable. This editorial has employed the culture synergy representation to focus on the adjustment of global learners in higher schooling. Our focal point is on the equivalent/disparity of enlightening anticipations has the advantage of escorting not merely to the research impending, but in addition to insinuations for the pre- and post-egress preparation of both teachers and students that may guide to more adaptations by each. The many variables distinguished and propose conduits for assisting numerous students and their educators to recover the excellence of their general outcome. It chases the establishment-wise strategies for sustaining consciousness-raising, and showing diverse learners and their educators ought to be totally, effortlessly accessible and really employed. These concern the identical for all foundation cultures and each and every host custom. The study has focused particularly at Chinese scholars going to the UK. It appears probable that the practices of learners from diverse cultures with diverse destinations could vary. On the other hand, there is a little testimony (e.g. Redmond and Bunyi 1993) that Asian students breaking in the UK and USA face utmost divergences in cultural beliefs. For this grounds they might outline a constructive ‘intense case’ for explore diverse principles concerning scholar sojourners in common (Applehans and Luecken, 2006). An Integrated Process Model of Stereotype Threat Effects on Performance The majority of Research demonstrates that unenthusiastic typecasts can hurt the performance of human beings. A whole perceptive of the key procedures these typecast hazard which causes on performance is still missing (Schmader, Johns Forbes, 2008). The writers learn typecast risk in the circumstance of research on, self regulation, pressure, watchfulness and operational remembrance extend a development model of the way unenthusiastic stereotypes damage performance on cognitive and societal missions that necessitate managed dispensation, in addition to sensor motor missions that necessitate involuntary indulgence. The writers dispute that stereotype risk dislocates performance by means of 3 dissimilar, conversely interconnected, devices: (a) A physiological strain response that unswervingly harms pre-frontal indulgence, (b) An inclination to aggressively observe performance, and (c) Attempts to hold down unenthusiastic contemplations in the revamp of self instruction. These instruments approach mutually to put away decision-making sources desirable to carry out fine on diverse chores. The vigorous scrutinizing equipment interrupts arrangement on sensor-motor chores. The 21st century conveys with it rising assortment in, disciplines and association making it essential to appreciate how the salience of standing influences accomplishment. They have configured a mold of stereotype risk that comprises cognitive, emotional, physiological procedures to illume ultimo concluded by these diverse conduits. As portrayed, this form has the potential to clarify a diversity of experiences varying from minorities and females who have executed not as much in convinced educational grounds. Inter-cultural interfaces are over and over again qualified as scratchy. Even though someone can be acquainted with how the procedures summarized in the form on the other hand it is largely for those who contend with unenthusiastic stereotypes regarding their force. Scientific Model of Culture Shock and Intercultural Communication The motive of this piece of writing has been to discharge the kind of we view as a relatively functional suggestion for indulgent characteristics of relocation of scholars to overseas nations and disclose its technical consequences there are additional extensively recognized theories in this editorial we have disputed in advancing psychology. We know, this is actually probable (Abe, Talbot Geelhoed, 1998). Culture distress is a well-designed conception, however it is not impressive you ‘get over’ by your possess employments. It is a comprehensible procedure, reassuring with their technical information. In the increasing era of Intercultural Communication, academics must comprehend the significance of genetics in the manner sojourners contradict with inhabitants and the way they respond to latest surroundings (Ambady and Gray, 2002). Or else, the entire obedience may turn out to be an additional unempirical development that will take scholars remote from the accuracy. To keep away from this, we have to endorse a debate amid intercultural announcement and discipline. The editorial inspects the ‘civilization shock’ form by the way of systematic theories of behaviour. It will dispute that at the same time as culture shock is construct on equally civilizing determinist in addition to civilizing relativist support, it is principally empirically accurate. Conversely, it needs to be delivered reassuring Culture shock is in addition established to be in conformity with technical performance research. My individual understanding discovers that English verbal communication is one of the principal barricades for global learners in Australia. The speech barriers debarred Asian scholars from communicating with professors and other scholars. It is not easy for worldwide students in Australia building verbal presentations, captivating tests, articulating themselves in English. References Abe, J., D.M. Talbot, and R.J. Geelhoed. (1998). Effects of a peer program on international student adjustment. Journal of College Student Development 39: 539–47.  www.researchgate.net/publication//3deec528ba8c1ab3a1.pdf Ambady N, Gray HM. (2002). On being sad and mistaken: Mood effects on the accuracy of thin-slice judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ;83:947–961. [PubMed: 12374446] Amodio DM, Kubota JT, Harmon-Jones E, Devine PG. (2006). Alternative mechanisms for regulating racial responses according to internal vs. external cues. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience;1:26–36. Applehans BM Luecken LJ. (2006). Attentional processes, anxiety, and the regulation of cortisol reactivity. Anxiety, Stress Coping: An International Journal ;19:81–92. Schmader, T., Johns, M., Forbes, C. (2008). An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. Psychological review, 115(2), 336.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2570773pdf=render Zhou, Y., Jindal-Snape, D., Topping, K., Todman, J. (2008). Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 33(1), 63-75  http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03075070701794833

Mycoplasma vs Mycobacterium

Mycoplasma vs Mycobacterium Mycobacteria are aerobic and slender, curved rod shaped species. Since they are aerobic they like to live in areas where oxygen levels are high; such as, apical or upper part of the lungs. Thus, a decrease in oxygen concentration can be dangerous for these organisms. On the other hand, Mycoplasma is a bacterial genus that has more than 100 species. It was first described in the late 1800s and members of this genus are very tiny. Even though most of the species of this genus are harmless, there are some that appear to be virulent and thus are responsible for specific medial conditions in humans (1). Mycobacteria cell wall is composed of waxes and mycolic acids, which makes them resistant to Gram staining; however, they can be stained acid-fast. Whereas, Mycoplasmas are gram negative bacteria and one interesting characteristic of these bacteria is that they dont have a cell wall; which gives them an elastic shape that can vary easily (1). The unusual cell wall of Mycobacterium and the absence of cell wall in Mycoplasmas make them invulnerable to many drugs. Plus, both, Mycobacterium and Mycoplasma, grow very slow, this also accounts for the long time to make observable colonies on laboratory media. Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are pathogenic bacterial species that causes respiratory tract disease. The disease that Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause is called tuberculosis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are responsible for causing mild upper respiratory tract infection known as atypical pneumonia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was first discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch and it belongs to the genus Mycobacterium; whereas, Mycoplasma pneumoniae belong to genus Mycoplasma. Atypical pneumonia symptoms are different from typical pneumonia. In addition, sometimes patients dont even have any symptoms related to the respiratory tract. Frequently, patients remain ambulatory, therefore this condition is also sometimes called walking pneumonia. Tuberculosis (TB) is spread from person to person via air. If a person, who has TB, coughs, sneezes, or speaks, he can put M. tuberculosis into the air. If nearby people breathe in these bacteria they can become infected. On the other hand, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is also transmitted from one person to another through close personal contact by respiratory droplets. Symptoms, such as fever, chest pain and cough, can be seen after the organism is in the hosts system for 12 to 14 days. Common characteristics of walking pneumonia are that the size of alveoli is decreased due to inward swelling of the alveolar walls and alveoli dont fill with fluid. Whereas a typical pathogenesis for tuberculosis is that once the bacteria are inhaled, they start dividing at a very slow pace inside the cells (white blood cells) that have phagocytized them. They then educe a host response such as infiltration of neutrophil and accumulation of fluid in the alveoli of the lung. The neutrophils are ruptured and destroyed by the organisms. Then, macrophages and lymphocytes come to the alveoli and phagocytize living tubercle bacilli. These organisms again divide within the new host cell and destroy it; as the phagocytes rupture they release infective organisms. This process goes on until enough cells have been ruptured and an acute inflammatory response has occurred. If lesions are not healed, they can result in tissue necrosis or harden to become chronic granulomas, also known as tubercles. These tubercles may contain live tubercle bacilli or macrophages, and lung tissues and function in these areas are permanently destroyed. Also, some tubercle bacil li can also enter lymphatic and circulatory system. They spread through the body and form numerous lesions; this condition is called military tuberculosis Tuberculosis and walking pneumonia can be diagnosed in a clinical sample such as sputum; however, since the bacteria grow very slowly sputum culturing process can take weeks before it is declared negative. Other options for diagnosis of tuberculosis are X-rays or skin test and for walking pneumonia other serologic tests are ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, etc. But usually treatment is given based on clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae dont possess a cell wall which results in osmotic instability, so they utilize sterol in their membrane for structural support. However, survival without a cell wall is not a problem for these organisms, because they live in an animal (human) host, which is osmotically stable (2). M. pneumoniae are invulnerable to B-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, because they disturb the cell wall and these microorganisms dont have a cell wall (2). So drugs, such as azithromycine or fluroquinolone, are used to fight these microorganisms. On the other hand, Mycobacteria unusual cell wall hinders the access of drugs and makes many antibiotics ineffective. However, drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin can be given to the patients for at least one year. In addition, bacillus of Calmette and Guà ©rin (BCG) vaccine is world-widely used to prevent tuberculosis, but there is no vaccine currently available for walking pneumonia. Thus to prevent atypical pneumonia close contac t with infected people is avoided. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the smallest bacterial pathogen from the genus Mycoplasma. This microorganism is responsible for causing mild upper respiratory tract infection known as atypical pneumonia. This type of pneumonia has symptoms that are different from the typical pneumonia. In addition, sometimes patients dont even have any symptoms related to the respiratory tract. Frequently, patients remain ambulatory, therefore this condition is also sometimes called walking pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is transmitted from one person to another via respiratory droplets. Symptoms, such as fever, chest pain and cough, can be seen after the organism is in the hosts system for 12 to 14 days. Common characteristics of walking pneumonia are that the size of alveoli is decreased due to inward swelling of the alveolar walls and alveoli dont fill with fluid. Atypical pneumonia is diagnosed by isolating M. pneumoniae from sputum or from a nasopharyngeal swab; however, since these bacteria grow very slowly this process can take up to 3 weeks. There are other serologic tests such as ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, etc., but usually treatment is given based on clinical symptoms. These microorganisms dont possess a cell wall which results in osmotic instability, so they utilize sterol in their membrane for structural support. However, survival without a cell wall is not a problem for these organisms, because they live in an animal (human) host, which is osmotically stable (2). M. pneumoniae are invulnerable to B-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, because they disturb the cell wall and these microorganisms dont have a cell wall (2). So drugs, such as azithromycine or fluroquinolone, are used to fight these microorganisms. Plus, currently there is no vaccine available, thus to prevent atypical pneumonia avoid close contact with infected people. References What is Mycoplasma? WiseGEEK: clear answers for common questions. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. . M. pneumoniae. Index of /. Web. 17 Feb. 2010. .

Asimov On Chemistry By Isaac Asimov :: essays research papers

Asimov On Chemistry by Isaac Asimov   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Book Asimov on Chemistry by Isaac Asimov is a collection of seventeen essays that he wrote for The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. This book is one of ten that were published by Doubleday & Company, Inc. Not all of the books centered on chemistry and like science. Most just covered anything Isaac Asimov wondered about. These Essays date back quite aways with a range from January 1959 to April 1966. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY The Weighting Game   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This i found to be the most boring in the whole book. It covers chemical atomic weight and physical atomic weight. It also gives chemical methods that determine the atomic weight. Slow burn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a description of how Isaac newton contributed to the field of chemistry along with what civilizations thought of chemistry. Then he talks about a pathologically shy, absentminded, stuffy, women-hating chemist. This man did make some discoveries about inflammable gas and proved water to be an oxide. The Element of Perfection   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asimov talks about astronomers in the mid 1800's, and how they made the spectroscope. Only then does he start to mention a element a french chemist belived to be new or maybe just a heavier from of nitrogen. Inert gases and there liquefaction points are then listed along when they when fisrt liquefied by a chemist. Welcome, Stranger!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This talks about the rarest of stable enert gases, xenon. It also tells why that in 1962 so many expirements were done involving this gas. Fisrt it defines the word gas, and talks about different types in about four pages. Thens he talks about how it is combined with flourine to form a poison. Death in the Labratory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Here Asimov talks about how scientists have died due to poor lab conditions and other matters. He also tells you a few way to poison youself in a lab such as mixing xenon and flourine. He then goes off and explains how flourine was used and discovered along with who died in this process. A few other poisonous chemical compounds are also mentioned. To Tell a Chemist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is Isaac Asimov's way of telling if someone is chemist or not. The two questions are: (1) How do you pronounce UNIONIZED? and (2) what is a mole? He feels that if you can say un-EYE-on-ized and talk for hours about molecular weight to define mole, then you must be a chemist. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY The Evens Have It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concluded here is how isotopes are impractical and how to identify them. He then descibes how an isotope is constructed. also he says an element with an

Huck Finn’s Experiences Essay examples -- essays papers

Huck Finn’s Experiences In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain presents the problem of slavery in America in the 19th Century. Twain poses this problem in the form of a character named Huckleberry Finn, a white boy raised in the antebellum South. Huck starts to question his view regarding slavery when he acquaints himself more intimately with a runaway slave while he himself tries to run away. Huck’s development as a character is affected by society’s influence on his experiences while growing up in the South, running away with Jim, and trying to save Jim. Although Huck decides to free Jim, Huck’s deformed conscience convinces him that he is doing the wrong thing. Huck’s experiences in the society impact his conscience by raising him to believe that human beings can be property. This quote by Pap Finn is taken from a conversation that he is having about a black professor from the North, â€Å"†¦prowling, thieving, infernal, white-shirted free nigger, and-† (Twain, pg 27). In this quote, Pap Finn expresses his feelings towards black people, and he is not the only person to think this way. Pap feels as if the most accomplished black man is always beneath the basest white man. When Huck returns to Aunt Sally, they have this conversation: Aunt Sally: â€Å"Good Gracious! anybody hurt?† Huck: â€Å"No’m. Killed a nigger† Aunt Sally: â€Å"Well, it’s lucky; because sometimes people do get hurt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Twain, pg 221) Southern society seems to share this idea of how white people belittle blacks. Aunt Sally shows how it does not really matter about a ‘nigger’ being shot and how she does not consider that a person getting hurt. Society’s influence on Huck is clearly evident when he says, â€Å"They took my nigger, w... ...as he must be white inside. This shows how in his mind, white is good and black is bad, but since Jim is black and he is doing something good, then he must be white. Huck’s experiences and surroundings change him day by day. Even though Jim is black and he hasn’t changed, Huck has changed and now recognizes Jim as a human being and not as property. Through out the entire novel, Huck has grown as a character because of the experiences that he has gone through. Along with society's impact, running away with Jim and trying to save Jim have also changed and impacted Huck's character. Huck's views on slavery have changed due to his experiences with Jim. Although the end of the novel does lead Huck to how he was at the beginning, the reader can still see how much Huck has changed and grown. Huck does not view Jim as property anymore, but as a human being with feelings.

Should young people work

You will respect that person enough to finish your business with them, not argue, and not say disrespectful comments to them at all. With respect acquired as a personal attribute, the person will then have the self control to also put thought into what their parents have to tell them. This will allow them to listen to their parents and respect whatever their parents tell and ask them to do. Without always assuming the worst. This shows just how important it really is for a young person to acquire respect. Another reason why young people should be allowed to work is to gain their own personal money.When they work they can be more self dependent without always avian to ask and rely on their parents for everything they need. This will help them to save for things they need and want such as a car. This will allow the young person to go out with their parents and pick a car with a reasonable budget. This money they gain can also be used to save up for college. Some young people want to go to college but can't. This is sometimes do to not having enough money and not wanting to owe back a hefty amount of student loans. This will allow them to help pay for college with the money they earn from working.This will also allow the young person to go out and have fun with their friends using the money that they have worked hard for. It is also a way for parents to save money. This will also stop a large amount of kids from resorting to illegal ways of trying to gain money. This will show them it pays off to work hard and make an honest way of living. Another point on why young people should work is to gain responsibility. This job will show the young person that they are the only one that can determine what occurs in their life.They will learn it is their responsibility to wake up on time or work, know what days they have to work, and make sure they go to work. This is just a way of showing that is all on the young person to maintain their life. If they do not go to work the y will lose their job. It is just a way of showing no one can do your daily responsibilities for you. This is just a few examples of why young kids should work. It is also a good way of keeping the young person productive and not just out running around town. It takes away free time the young person could be making trouble.

Drug Abuse as a Social Problem Essay

Drugs have been around for thousands of years. â€Å"A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeutic effect in the body (Drugs and Teen Substance Abuse 2000.)† Most drugs were first used for medicinal purposes, such as marijuana. Active substances were not extracted into drugs until the 19th century. Newly discovered substances like morphine, laudanum, and cocaine were completely unregulated and prescribed freely by physicians for a wide variety of ailments. Wounded veterans returned home with their kits of morphine and hypodermic needles (History of Drug Abuse, n.d.) The use of illegal drugs is increasing, especially among young teens. The conflict theory of social problems states that, â€Å"society is marked by conflict due to inequalities in class, race, ethnicity, gender, age, and other divisions that produce conflicting ideas (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 7.)† Solutions to solve social problems include building stronger movements in conflicted groups and then possibly engaging in negotiations to reach accommodations. The functionalist approach to social problems, â€Å"views society as a vast organism whose parts are interrelated (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 7.)† Functionalists believe that institutions produce patterns of deviance and they must be addressed through well-calculated social reformations. Solutions include engaging in research and interventions to improve these social institutions. There are many ideas between the conflict and functionalist perspectives on how to remedy the wide-spread social problem of drug abuse. Substance abuse can simply be defined as, â€Å"a pattern of harmful use of any substances for mood-altering purposes (What Is Substance Abuse, n.d.)† As culture and customs change, so do the major categories of illegal drugs. The most commonly abused drugs today, in addition to alcohol, are marijuana, cocaine, opiates (including heroin and morphine), hallucinogens, amphetamines, and barbiturates. Some young people are again experimenting with psychedelic drugs like LSD and Ecstasy (Kornblum and Julian, 2004.) Teens use drugs for many reasons including curiosity, because it feels good, to reduce stress, to feel grown up or to fit in with their peers (Drugs and Teen Substance Abuse 2000.) Many people view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a social problem. Drug  abuse affects society in many ways. In the workplace it is costly in terms of lost work time and inefficiency. More than half the deaths in the United States involve alcohol, in some form, such as in homicides and suicides. Drug-related crimes can disrupt the neighborhoods due to violence among drug dealers, threats to residents, and the crimes of the addicts themselves. Also, a great majority of homeless people have either a drug or alcohol problem (NIDA InfoFacts: Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction, 2005.) Humans have used drugs of one sort or another for thousands of years. For the past last decades, crime and drugs have been called by some, the most important problems facing this country. The full economic cost of drug abuse in the United States is estimated at approximately $70 billion annually. In so, America is actually losing money because of the use of drugs. Due to years of studies, it is proven that drug abuse costs the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (known as OECD) countries more than $120 billion per year in drug enforcement, prosecutions, prisons, prevention programmers, treatment and health care costs, and financial losses incurred from drug-related crimes. This is very bad for the community as a whole because it also affects many people. In a present study, it was hypothesized that the likelihood of recent hard drug use would be higher among arrest. They have a slight disadvantage because of low income, widespread poverty, high employment rate, lim ited high school graduation, numerous female-headed household, high population density, and large African-American population. The sociological Conflict Theory holds that there are higher numbers of chronic drug abusers found in lower social classes, disorganized neighborhoods, and relatively politically powerless places. The disappearance of decent paying manual work since the early 1970’s leaves unskilled, uneducated individuals vulnerable to poverty. This is when selling drugs, an alternative to enduring grinding poverty, has been a common enough response as the income gap had widened. This has increased the violence and crime rate of society. The Functionalist Perspective in sociology states that everyone in the society holds a position and in this position their status has a set of  roles or certain behaviors that are required to perform the tasks at hand (Kornblum and Julian, 2004.) The roles consist of nurses at the medical institutions, lawyer’s at international firms or just a blue collar worker at any type of factory. For the most part, each status’ role is involved in an institution of some kind and is needed for the economy and society to function as a whole. â€Å"The Functionalist Perspective looks at the way major social instructions like the family, military, the health-care system, and the police and courts actually operate (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 6.)† This basically means that for these institutions that are needed to fulfill these roles and duties for the economy, the roles and behaviors of employees need to evolve as a whole so that the institution can function (Kornblum and Juli an, 2004.) For example, a nurse needs to know certain things about her job like what medicine can treat a certain sickness or when and where CPR is needed for a victim or if moving that victim could paralyze that person. Sociologists say that, â€Å"when all members of the group perform their roles correctly, the group is said to be functioning well (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 6.)† When society as a whole is said to be functioning as â€Å"one† this means that â€Å"there is general agreement about how roles are to be performed and the expectations are reinforced by the society’s basic values (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 6.)† The main question that is asked is, â€Å"why do we have social problems if each institution has roles in the society? (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 6) † Many say that the main reason that functionalists believe we as a society have social problems is because our society is always changing and the society is having to adapt to the changes and when the society fails than that is when social problems exist (Kornblum and Julian 2004.) When a society undergoes changes, for example going from pre-industrial where most of the economy was based on agricu ltural to the industrial era where many poverty stricken’ farmers became factory workers but of those workers do not adapt, it is said that such a change can lead to crime, such as drug abuse. The functionalist sociologist says that, â€Å"all societies produce their own unique form of crime and how they respond to this change (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 7.)† In the past years we have been fighting a war against drugs. In the mid 1980’s, the United States adopted a series of aggressive law enforcement  strategies and criminal justice policies geared towards reducing and punishing drug abuse. Changes in the federal laws required that all sentenced federal offenders were to serve 87 percent of their court-imposed sentence. Many drug offenders are subjected to a mandatory sentence based upon the type and quantity of the drugs that were involved in their arrest. According to the Uniform Crime Report, 1,532,000 drugs arrests were made in 1999, up from 580,900 in 1980. Some people think the increase in drug arrests is a good sign, but others think it denies drug users what they really need, which is treatment. No one seems to argue about the serious problem with drugs in the United States. According to a 2002 National Survey on drug use, 19.5 million Americans ages 12 and older were current illicit drug users. 1 in every 13 adults is an alcoholic. The functionalist view is that society has norms and guidelines on alcohol and drug use. Social norms identify the appropriate use of drugs and alcohol. Prescription drugs are very functional in society because they can alleviate pain, reduce fever, and can curb infections. Even alcohol is accepted in moderation and can be consumed with meals and or celebrations. Sometimes there even health benefits, such as red wine being good for the heart. Society provides norms regarding the excessive use of drugs. Drug abuse can also occur when society is unable to provide guidelines for our behavior. Under certain situations that can be very stressful, people consume more alcohol and drugs. If people lack norms to control their behavior they are likely to pursue self-destructive behaviors like alcohol and drug abuse. Drug abuse is one of the biggest issues in social problems. Many of the people who take drugs face a lot of problems. There are many similarities and differences between the functionalist view and conflict view pertaining to drug abuse theory. From a functionalist perspective, drug abuse affects almost everyone in our society, directly or indirectly. Seventy million adult Americans have used illegal drugs at some time in their lives. The out come from this shows that 450,000 Americans die from smoking each year. When some of the people abuse drugs, they get addicted to it and then they tend to abuse it more. Addiction is uncontrollable and lots of people face the terrible repercussions; for example, losing their job, family, friends, health and their wealth. Getting addicted to drugs gets worse because the  data shows that, â€Å"97% of drug addicts never see treatment (NIDA InfoFacts: Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction, 2005.)† Research has revealed how drug abuse cause s both short-term and long-term changes in brain function. These long-term brain changes are visible to scientists who can see what is going on in the brain with new scanning techniques. These changes make it nearly impossible for someone addicted to drugs to stop using them on their own; they need to get treatment. On the conflict side, it shows that, â€Å"95 percent of untreated addicts die of their addiction (NIDA InfoFacts: Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction, 2005.)† There is a separation of classes and some of the people in society think that making people quit using drugs is their own business; they don’t have any concern for it. Some of the healthcare programs that have developed for the people who want to quit drugs show that, â€Å"for every dollar spent on addiction treatment, seven dollars are saved in costs to society in healthcare and criminal activity (NIDA InfoFacts: Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction, 2005.)† Institutions have also been created to help people who want to quit. The National Institution of Drug Abuse (NIDA) stressed that researchers have shown that there are no effective treatments that can help people stop their addiction and prevent them from using it again. Basically, the conflict perspective views drug abuse as a problem of the classes, distinctly separated due to economic standing. There are many roles that are played in the functionalist prospective, which has lead to some of the results on the conflict side of drug abuse. For example, the government plays a big role in why their country’s population is in high or low percentage of using drug. Some countries like the United States strictly control the use of drugs by restricting access more and giving strict punishment, unlike Afghanistan, Columbia or some of the other countries. Most likely the government in these countries does not work hard on this issue because they are making profit off it or some of the big politicians are involved in it. In Afghanistan the government said that â€Å"no matter what we try to do to stop it, but it cannot be cured because drugs grow in almost 99% of the Afghanistan.† Countries like these can only try to lower drug production and abuse to a certain point, but not as low as the United States has reduces the trafficking and use of drugs. Parents play the  most important role of all. In some ways, they are responsible for why their child is on drugs, or they make it clear that drug use is unacceptable and harmful. For example, some of the parents do not care about their children and always have a negative response toward their children. This becomes stressful for the children and they start abusing drugs, thinking that it relives them but instead it makes the problems worse. They start abusing more drugs and end up in a very deep problem. On the other hand, some do mot even bother to take the drugs because their parents make it clear to them that drug use is never all right. In a recent study it shows that drug use is high among people who live in high degree of structural disadvantage, people who are less educated, low income, widespread poverty, high unemployment, high population density, low stability, and large African American population, which is why for some of the people using drugs is not a bad choice to th em but it is almost like their medicine to remedy their social status. Some of the people think that drinking alcohol is not taking a drug. It can be a drug if some is addicted to it. Data shows that, â€Å"fifty percent of the traffic deaths are alcohol related.† Teenagers have the highest percentage of drinking age in the USA because teenagers tend to drink more than the people who are over the age of thirty. This is all because teenagers are more aggressive, more imitating, more macho, and have some parents or close friends who are willing to buy alcohol for them. Many teenagers believe that alcohol and drug use is safe and are unaware of the consequences to excessive use. The average 18 years old has seen 100,000 television commercials encouraging them him of her to drink. According to the NIDA, that is why 90% of high school seniors have tried alcohol, 53% gets drunk at least once a month, 43% smoke marijuana, and about one third are smoking cigarettes. From the conflict perspective, a teenager who loses everything early in life or never had much to begin with, tends to drink or abuse more alcohol simply because they just think that it is helping them to forget everything. That leads to more problems and these children end up committing crimes and possibly could end up in jail. According to the conflict theory, people outside of this social class and situation are unwilling to help integrate these individuals back into society. Some people don’t realize  that just because of their addiction, it can take them to the point where no one can help them. Today there are about 190 million drug users all around the world, all of whom need help battling their addiction. The way to help them, however, varies between the conflict and functionalist perspectives. In conclusion, drug abuse presents a prevalent issue in today’s society. The conflict theory of sociology states that society functions so that each individual participant and its group struggles to maximize their benefits, which inevitably contributes to social change (such as changes in politics and revolutions.) This theory attempts to refute the functionalist perspective of social problems, which considers that societies function so that each individual and group plays a specific role, like organs in the body. A conflict theorist would suggest solving the problem of drug abuse by accommodating the needs of people in the classes suffering from drug use and educating them on the effects of drugs. The functionalist theorist, on the other hand, would suggest becoming more actively involved by reforming institutions as a whole and helping to redefine the abusers’ roles in society. Drug abuse is a very prevalent problem in the United States today and sociological theories provide for many different solutions.

Reducing Gender Inequality In Hiv Health And Social Care Essay

Globally, there has been a alteration in the tendency of infection among the sexes. Initially at the oncoming of the disease, the prevalence of the disease was higher among the males than the females due to the fact that the disease was concentrated among homophiles and drug users. However as the cuticular continues to turn there has been a progressive displacement to heterosexual transmittal with an addition in the figure of females being infected. The planetary pandemic of HIV/AIDS is now in its 3rd decennary, with adult females now at the epicenter of the pandemic, globally accounting for about 50 % of all HIV instances aged 15 and older, including about 60 % of all grownups populating with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the figure of females populating with the disease in every part of the universe continue to increase. ( UNAIDS, 2009 ) The feminization of the pandemic is precipitated by biological and socio-cultural factors ; However although adult females are more vulnerable to the disease because of their biological makeup, there is grounds that gender norms play an built-in portion in act uponing an person ‘s exposure to the infection, entree to wellness attention services, sexual behavior and attitude, every bit good as entree to intervention and support when infected. ( WHO, 2003 ) The present tendency of the disease transmittal reveals that the epidermic is being aggravated by gender based exposures, stressing the importance of mainstreaming gender into HIV/AIDS programmes as an built-in effort to commanding farther spread of the disease. ( UNFPA, 2008 ) The Importance of Gender on the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: In most communities, gender determines how much information males and females are expected to hold approximately sexual affairs. Females are supposed to be nescient about sexual affairs as a mark of celibacy ; therefore doing them nescient about preventative schemes and doing it hard for them to be proactive in negociating safer sex. Different set of cultural norms apply to the males, they are frequently expected to hold more information and cognition about sexual affairs, be expericienced, and led as determination shapers in sexual issues. These make them vulnerable to being infected, prevents them from seeking information or acknowledging their limited information about sexual affairs. ( Carovano, 1992 ) . Social norms of virginity for single adult females besides increase her exposure ; it besides limits her information about sexual affairs to avoid being thought of as being sexually active. Puting her at a hazard of colza and sexual coercion. Research has besides shown that these immature misss practise other sexual behaviors such as anal sex, therefore increasing their hazard of undertaking the disease. ( Weiss et al.,2000 ) . Besides, because of the social norms of virginity accessing wellness installations for the intervention of sexually transmitted diseases is frequently stigmatising for both immature and big females. ( Weiss et al.,2000 ) . In many societies, maternity, merely like virginity is seen as being ideal, therefore utilizing preventives or barrier methods to guarantee safer sex is seen as a important quandary for adult females. ( Heise and Elias, 1995 ) . Research have shown that economic dependance of adult females increases their likeliness of interchanging sex for money, with no dialogue for safe sex, accompanied with their inability to go forth these dealingss even when they perceive them to be hazardous because of its fiscal additions. ( Heise and Elias,1995 ) . A reappraisal of literature done by Heise et Al ( 1999 ) showed it was more likely for persons who had been sexually abused to hold multiple sex spouses, engage in insecure sex and exchange sex for money or favor. Harmonizing to Societal norms, work forces are supposed to show their male power through force against adult females, lending both straight and indirectly to a adult female ‘s exposure to the disease. ( Heise and Elias, 1995 ) . A survey conducted in a voluntary HIV guidance and proving Centre in Tanzania by Maman et Al ( 2000 ) suggested that adult females who expericienced sexual force were at a hazard of HIV/AIDS. It was noticed that those who were HIV positive were 2.6 times more likely to hold expericienced sexual force in an confidant relationship. Social norms expect a adult male to hold several sexual spouses, for sufficient sexual release, herewith beliing the preventative message that emphasizes fidelity in relationships. ( Heise and Elias, 1995 ) . Social norms of maleness, which affirm males holding sexual laterality over females, as a characteristic of manhood, frequently lead to stigmatisation of work forces who have sex with work forces, thereby taking to secrecy of their sexual behavior, increasing the exposure of their sexual spouses, both males and females. ( UNAIDS, 1999 ) . Overall, the influence of social norms is frequently associated with addition in an person ‘s exposure of undertaking the disease. ( Courteney, 1998 ) Analysis of WHO ‘s Policy on Gender Mainstreaming in HIV/AIDS Programme: The guidelines on gender mainstreaming resulted from a WHO ‘s meeting held in Geneva in 2002 on incorporating Gender into HIV/AIDS. The demand to bring forth guidelines was emphasized as a agency to guaranting realisation of set ends. The present edition was developed by World Health Organization in concurrence with inputs from advisers peer reviewed by external referees, relevant proficient staff in the World Health Organization every bit good as research experience from old programmes that addressed the gender dimensions in HIV/AIDS and other wellness programmes. The intent of the guidelines is to increase consciousness of how gender inequalities affects a adult female ‘s ability to entree HIV/AIDS programmes and services, it besides offers practical ways on how to integrate gender into assorted types of HIV/AIDS programmes and services. Four specific countries were covered HIV proving and reding, Prevention of female parent to child transmittal ( PMTCT ) , HIV intervention and Home based attention for people populating with HIV/AIDS. The guidelines were formulated chiefly for programmes directors, wellness attention suppliers in the public and private sector involved in instituting, implementing or measuring HIIV/AIDS programmes. The guidelines are consistent and reinforced through assorted international understandings and declarations such as Beijing declaration and platform for action of the 1995 Fourth World conference on adult females ( FWCW ) and 1994 International conference on population and development. The United Nations General Assembly declarations of the committedness on HIV/AIDS besides emphasized the importance of turn toing gender equality as a agency to commanding the epidermic. This policy compliments old attempts done on incorporating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes with the purpose of bettering entree, informing and authorising clients, and besides taking to wellness equity and societal justness. However the guidelines focused chiefly on adult females.it did non offer equal chances to work forces, although the Beijing platform for action besides considered work forces ‘s concerns, guaranting that adult females and work forces benefit every bit from the ultimate end of accomplishing gender equality. The guidelines did non besides see the multi-sectoral attack ; it focused chiefly on the wellness sector attack to cut downing gender inequality. ( Beginning: World Health Organization ‘s guidelines on intergrating gender into HIV/AIDS Programmes within the wellness sector, 2007 ) Measuring the execution of this policy at the international and national degree. Following the 1995 United Nations conference on adult females, assorted developmental establishments, international organisations and states adopted the thought of gender mainstreaming. These International Organizations and development Institutions developed and endorsed gender mainstreaming Policies in HIV/AIDS ; nevertheless rating show restraints in execution, these policies have been slow in interpreting from policy into action. ( Moser, 2005 ) . This can be attributed to the fact that some development practicians in NGO ‘s continue to see gender issues as a distraction to the developmental issues they have to turn to, accordingly those involved in gender cyclosis are non in places to do determinations and alterations to these programmes. Since the Congress, gender mainstreaming in HIV/AIDS have been adopted and endorsed by assorted authoritiess, gender advocators in these states have successed in integrating gender issues into their national strategic programs for HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS programmes. The challenges in these states have been the execution of these policies and strategic programs at the territory degree. In a survey done in Botswana, it was observed that although gender had been incorporated into its national response to HIV/AIDS, with purposes to authorising the adult females, therefore cut downing the exposure of females in undertaking the disease, the intercessions focused on adult females, pretermiting the work forces, therefore gestating gender as a adult female ‘s issue. In Malawi, important efforts have been made, assorted programmes have been formed, and the National HIV/AIDS policy recognized that gender issues had to be considered, to guarantee effectual response to HIV/AIDS intercessions. However on rating it was noticed that bulk of the staffs in the NGO ‘s understood the construct in the European context, which was non applicable to their ain cultural norms and values, furthermore, the exposure of work forces was non considered sabotaging the proportion of drug users and homophiles in the population. The Zimbabwe ‘s national Aids Policy, showed committedness to gender inequality, acknowledging that adult females were more vulnerable, and prosecuting authorization of adult females as a agency to undertaking gender inequality, it besides developed schemes to guarantee the engagement of work forces in gender affairs. However rating showed that despite these schemes nidation of these policies at the grass-root degree have been impossible. ( Boom et al. , 2000 ) The national strategic program of South-Africa accepted adult females, and work forces who have sex with work forces, as portion of those who were vulnerable to the disease, and provided assorted intercessions to turn to gender related causes of exposure. It emphasized the difference in the prevalence of the disease in the age groups ( 20-29 ) , saying that adult females were more vulnerable due to social norms. Acknowledging that really small attending had been given to work forces who have sex with work forces, and drug users. It emphasized that the execution of these schemes were to suit both the demands of adult females and work forces. Evaluation nevertheless noted that commercial sex workers were discriminated and that gender force played an built-in portion in adult females ‘s exposure in South-Africa was non addressed therefore haltering the execution of these schemes. The Multi-sectoral HIV/AIDS strategic program of Switzerland recognized that harmful gender norms played a function in fuelling the cuticular, and that to guarantee long -term effects in schemes aimed at commanding the disease gender inequality had to be considered. This led to the National Emergency Response Council, developing schemes to steer the execution of these HIV/AIDS programmes. However it was noticed that gender was conceptualized as biological sex instead than gender, and its programmes were targeted at adult females, pretermiting work forces who had sex with work forces and other vulnerable groups such as drug users. On rating an addition in the incidence of mew infections was noticed among homophiles, showing that these groups played an of import function in commanding the disease. Discussion: Assorted International Organizations and Countries have integrated gender into their assorted policies, schemes and HIV/AIDS Programmes. The inquiry arising is why are these policies, schemes and plans non being implemented at the grass root degree? Decision: Gender norms influence an person ‘s exposure to undertaking the disease, therefore stressing the importance of Gender mainstreaming and adult females authorization in commanding the spread of the disease. Gender mainstreaming intercessions in assorted degree should acknowledge the functions work forces play in adult females ‘s expericiences, therefore gender related restraints of both males and females should be considered in HIV/AIDS Programmes. Training and support should be offered to HIV/AIDS programme directors and their staffs about gender issues to enable them implement policies turn toing gender inequality and HIV/AIDS.

Meaning to Your Name…Hehehe

What does the name â€Å"Magdeline† mean? A name is much more than just a name! M is for  musical, your hidden talent! A is for  absolute, for you know your mind. G is for  goal, your eye on the future. D is for  dazzle, the sparkle of you. E is for  excellence, your passion, your drive. L is for  luxury, the luxury of your smile. I is for  intense, your zest of living. N is for  neatness, your orderly way. E is for  exquisite, who could argue? What does the name â€Å"Gladys† mean? A name is much more than just a name! G is for  genial, a pleasing personality. L is for  luxury, the luxury of your smile.A is for  accomplished, in all that you do. D is for  dashing, the romantic you! Y is for  yearn, your innermost desires. S is for  sensible, the practical side What does the name â€Å"Magdeline† mean? A name is much more than just a name! (1991/11/20) M is for  munificent, for you are extremely liberal in giving. A is for  able, for you surely are. G is for  glitter, the spark that is you. D is for  dependable, on you I can rely. E is for  easy going, no ruffles here. L is for  lucky, who is more? I is for  impress, for impress you will. N is for  name, a pleasant one indeed. E is for  enchant, for enchant you will.What does the name â€Å"Catherine† mean? A name is much more than just a name! C is for  casual, no pretension here. A is for  affirm, the certainty of knowledge. T is for  treasure, that of your friendship. H is for  heavenly, your spirit is strong. E is for  elate, you make others happy. R is for  refreshing, the sparkling you. I is for  inspire, others seek your guidance. N is for  noble, your regal bearing. E is for  expressive, not one to hold within. The name  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Catherine†Ã‚  is of Greek origin and it means  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pure†. It’s a name commonly given to girls. What does the name â€Å"Cletuse† mean?A name is much more than just a name! C is for  confident, no doubts here! L is for  look, the way you look at life. E is for  excellence, your passion, your drive. T is for  treasure, of your friendship. U is for  upstanding, your inner-self. S is for  select, as few are chosen. E is for  elegant, born within you. What does the name â€Å"Alphoncina† mean? A name is much more than just a name! Ais for  accomplished, in all that you do. Lis for  laughter, you spread wherever you go. Pis for  passion, your fire! His for  hope, the encouragement you give. Ois for  outlook, pleasing to all. Nis for  nice, need I say more?Cis for  cuddle, those intimate moments you cherish. Iis for  impress, for impress you will. Nis for  nice, need I say more? Ais for  affirm, the certainty of knowledge. What does the name â€Å"Rethabile† mean? A name is much more than just a name! Ris for  realist, the way you are. Eis for  enjoy, your life can be fun! Tis for  trie d, tried and true you. His for  honor, your most valuable possession. Ais for  abundant, your cheer knows no bounds. Bis for  beloved, as you are to many. Iis for  instill, the lesson of life. Lis for  luxury, the luxury of your smile. Eis for  expressive, not one to hold within.